| 卢守辉,胡婧婷,杨运方,等.安徽某社区中老年人心脑血管疾病危险因素暴露情况[J].中国临床保健杂志,2021,24(2):199-202. |
| 安徽某社区中老年人心脑血管疾病危险因素暴露情况 |
| Exposure of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in middle-aged and elderly people in a community in Anhui |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-18 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2021.02.011 |
| 中文关键词: 血管疾病 危险因素 横断面研究 普查 |
| 英文关键词: Vascular diseases Risk factors Cross-sectional studies Mass screening 〖FL |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 掌握铜陵市社区人群心脑血管疾病危险因素的暴露情况,为心脑血管病防控提供依据。方法 以整群抽样方法确定铜陵市铜官区阳光社区为筛查点。首先由铜陵市疾病预防控制中心对筛查点40岁以上的常住人口开展心脑血管疾病流行病学调查,掌握心脑血管病发病率、死亡率情况。同时对社区医生开展“同质化”培训,提高社区医生心脑血管病规范化诊治水平。在基地医院专科医生的指导下,由社区医生具体实施心脑血管病高危人群筛查工作。对筛查发现的心脑血管病高危人群,通过双向转诊方式由基地医院相关专科专家逐一进行面对面评估后再转回社区卫生服务机构,由社区医生实施有针对性的个体化干预并动态管理。结果 铜陵市阳光社区6 007名40岁以上常住居民对缺乏运动、高血压、明显超重或肥胖、吸烟、糖尿病、高血脂、脑卒中家族史、心房颤动(或瓣膜性心脏病)、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)等心脑血管病的危险因素的暴露率分别是:35.68%、29.65%、16.21%、15.55%、6.79%、6.13%、5.21%、0.13%、0.08%；不同性别组高血压、高血脂、吸烟危险暴露率差异有统计学意义,高血压危险因素暴露率男性高于女性,高血脂危险因素暴露率女性高于男性,吸烟危险因素暴露率男性显著高于女性。危险因素暴露率高血压、高血脂、糖尿病与年龄成正相关,随着年龄增长暴露率显著增高。结论 严格防控关键危险因素,在加强慢性疾病管理的同时,需要加大健康教育和宣传,使得人们了解自己的健康状况和暴露的危险因素,从而改变不良的生活方式,降低心脑血管疾病的发病率和致残率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To master the exposure of risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Tongling community population and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to determine the Sunshine Community in Tongguan District of Tongling City as the screening point.First,the Tongling City Center for Disease Control and Prevention will carry out an epidemiological survey of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the permanent population over the age of 40 at the screening point to grasp the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.At the same time,"homogeneous" training for community doctors was carried out to improve the standardization of community doctors′ diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Under the guidance of the specialists in the base hospital,community doctors will implement the screening work for high-risk groups of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The high-risk groups of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases found by screening will be face-to-face assessed by the relevant specialists of the base hospital one by one through two-way referral,and then transferred back to the community health service institution.The community doctors will implement targeted individualized intervention and dynamic management.Results A total of 6 007 permanent residents over 40 years old in Tongyang Community,Tongling City were suffering from lack of exercise,hypertension,obvious overweight or obesity,smoking,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,family history of stroke,atrial fibrillation (or valvular heart disease) and transient.The exposure rates of risk factors such as cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) were:35.7%,29.6%,16.2%,15.5%,6.8%,6.1%,5.2%,0.1%,0.1%.There were statistically significant differences in the risk of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and smoking risk among groups between different genders.The exposure rate of hypertension was higher in males than in women,the exposure rate of hyperlipidemia in females was higher than that of males,and the exposure rate of smoking risk factors was significantly higher in males than females.Risk factor exposure rates Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes were positively correlated with age,and exposure rates increased significantly with age.Conclusion Strict prevention and control of key risk factors,while strengthening the management of chronic diseases,need to increase health education and publicity,so that people can understand their health status and exposure to risk factors,thereby changing bad lifestyles and reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases morbidity and disability rate. |
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