| 崔瑶,周健,刘倩,等.老年跌倒人群的内在能力特点及相关因素分析[J].中国临床保健杂志,2025,28(3):341-345. |
| 老年跌倒人群的内在能力特点及相关因素分析 |
| Analysis of the characteristics of intrinsic capacity for falls among the older adults |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-03 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2025.03.011 |
| 中文关键词: 意外跌倒 危险因素 风险评估与减低 老年人 |
| 英文关键词: Accidental falls Risk factors Risk evaluation and mitigation Aged 〖FL |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC2002100) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探讨老年跌倒人群的内在能力特点及相关因素。方法 横断面研究。连续纳入2021年9月至2023年1月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院老年医学科门诊就诊的患者309例,根据其在过去1年内是否发生过跌倒,分为跌倒组140例,非跌倒组169例。所有患者均进行内在能力(IC)评估,包括运动[使用简易躯体功能量表(SPPB)]、活力[使用微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)]、感知觉[使用自评视力或听力对日常生活有影响]、认知[使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)]、心理[焦虑与抑郁自评量表(SAS/SDS)]5个维度。结果 ①跌倒组的SPPB、MNA-SF、MoCA得分及感知觉正常率均低于非跌倒组,而SAS及SDS得分高于非跌倒组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②在校正年龄、性别、体重指数后,脑血管病史(OR=3.009,P=0.002)、多重用药史(OR=3.127,P<0.001)及焦虑情绪(SAS)(OR=1.055,P=0.010)与跌倒风险正相关,而SPPB评分(OR=0.782,P<0.001及感知觉(OR=0.223,P<0.001)与跌倒风险负相关。结论 SPPB评分、感知觉、SAS为跌倒的独立相关因素。有效控制焦虑情绪、增强躯体功能、针对性地改善感知觉可能有助于降低老年人群跌倒的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To explore the characteristics of intrinsic capabilities and related factors of falls in the older adults.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.A total of 309 patients who visited the geriatric medicine outpatient clinic at Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University were included from September 2021 to January 2023.All patients underwent an intrinsic capability assessment,which included five dimensions:locomotion (Short Physical Performance Battery,SPPB),vitality (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form,MNA-SF),sensory perception,cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA),and psychological status (Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale,SAS/SDS).Results ① The SPPB,MNA-SF,MoCA scores,and the normal rate of sensory perception in the fall group were significantly lower than those in the non-fall group,while the SAS and SDS scores were higher in the fall group,with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).② After adjusting for age,sex,and body mass index,a history of cerebrovascular disease (OR=3.009,P=0.002),polypharmacy (OR=3.127,P<0.001),and anxiety (SAS) (OR=1.055,P=0.010) were positively correlated with falls,while SPPB (OR=0.782,P<0.001) and sensory perception (OR=0.223,P<0.001) were negatively correlated with falls.Conclusions SPPB,sensory perception,and SAS are independent risk factors for falls.Effectively managing anxiety,enhancing physical function,and specifically improving sensory perception may help reduce the risk of falls in the older population. |
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