| 巫华兰,都明辉,周筱悦,等.多组分运动训练对心血管疾病患者和健康人体适能的影响[J].中国临床保健杂志,2026,(1):44-50. |
| 多组分运动训练对心血管疾病患者和健康人体适能的影响 |
| Efficacy of multicomponent exercise training on fitness in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy adults |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-05 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2026.01.007 |
| 中文关键词: 心血管疾病 运动 身体机能 康复 |
| 英文关键词: Cardiovascular diseases Exercise Physical functional performance Rehabilitation Fund programs:Special Fund for Clinical Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central High-level Hospitals |
| 基金项目:中央高水平医院临床科研业务费专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探索多组分运动训练对心血管疾病(CVD)患者和健康人群体适能的影响。方法 采用非随机观察性研究。在北京医院心内科招募CVD患者和健康志愿者,参与为期8周,频率为每周2次的运动训练。单次训练方案为多组分结构化运动训练,包括有氧运动、力量训练和柔韧性训练。有氧训练强度采用心肺运动测试下制订的无氧阈强度,运动形式为使用下肢功率车,每次训练时间均为30 min。力量训练为弹力带操,柔韧性训练为拉伸操。主要终点为峰值摄氧量,次要终点为峰值功率、峰值氧脉搏、上下肢力量测试、上下肢柔韧性测试。结果 研究共纳入100例受试者,50例为CVD患者(CVD组),50例为健康人(对照组)。心肺耐量方面,组间比较时,CVD组患者的峰值摄氧量、峰值功率、峰值氧脉搏显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。但两组的峰值摄氧量、峰值功率、峰值氧脉搏在训练前后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。力量方面,CVD组患者力量显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CVD组患者的双臂上举(P=0.003)和双腿伸膝(P=0.042)在训练前较差(均P<0.05),训练后与对照组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。CVD组双臂下拉(P=0.004)、双臂上举(P=0.001)及双腿伸膝(P=0.006)力量测试方面,训练后力量显著提高(均P<0.05)。柔韧性方面,在抓背试验和坐位体前屈测试中,两组的柔韧性在训练后均有不同程度的改善,CVD组右腿坐位体前屈在训练后改善(P=0.001),对照组右侧抓背试验在训练后显著改善(P=0.004)。结论 CVD患者的体适能明显低于健康人,但是8周的多组分运动训练有助于改善CVD患者和健康人群的力量和柔韧性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the efficacy of multicomponent exercise training on fitness in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients and healthy adults.Methods This study was a non-randomized observational study.CVD patients and healthy volunteers to participate were recruited at the Department of Cardiology at Beijing Hospital in an 8-week exercise training program conducted twice weekly.Each training session consists of a multi-component structured exercise regimen including aerobic exercise,strength training,and flexibility training.Aerobic training intensity was set at the anaerobic threshold determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing,performed on a lower-body ergometer for 30 minutes per session.Resistant training utilized resistance band exercises,while flexibility training employed stretching routines.Primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake.Other outcomes measurements included peak power,peak oxygen uptake,upper and lower limb strength assessments,and upper and lower limb flexibility evaluations.Results A total of 100 participants were enrolled,with 50 cases in CVD group and 50 cases in healthy controls.In terms of cardiopulmonary function,when comparing between groups,the CVD group exhibited significant lower peak oxygen uptake,lower peak power,and lower oxygen pulse(P<0.05).However,when comparing within groups,no significant improvements were observed in peak oxygen uptake,peak power output,or peak oxygen pulse before and after training(P>0.05).In terms of strength test,strength in CVD group was significant lower than control group(P<0.05).Bilateral arm raises (P=0.003) and bilateral leg extensions (P=0.042) before training were significant difference between the CVD group and the control group(P<0.05),but no differences were found after training between two groups(P>0.05).Patients in the CVD group showed significant post-training improvements in strength of two-arm pull-down (P=0.004),two-arm overhead press (P=0.001),and two-leg knee extension (P=0.006).In terms of flexibility,CVD patients showed significantly reduced performance of back stretch test and sit-and-reach test compared to the control group both before and after training.Both groups showed varying degrees of improvement in flexibility after training.Intragroup comparisons revealed significant improvements in right-leg sit-and-reach in the CVD group post-training (P=0.001) and in right-side back stretch strength in the control group post-training (P=0.004).Conclusions Patients with CVD exhibit significantly lower physical fitness than healthy individuals,yet an 8-week multi-component exercise training program still contributes to improving strength and flexibility in both groups. |
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