| 张秋鹂,吕昊桢,杨坤,等.表皮囊肿1 001例临床与病理特征分析[J].中国临床保健杂志,2026,29(2):258-260. |
| 表皮囊肿1 001例临床与病理特征分析 |
| Clinical and pathological analysis of 1 001 cases of epidermal cysts |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-29 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2026.02.022 |
| 中文关键词: 表皮囊肿 病理状态,体征和症状 皮肤肿瘤 漏诊 |
| 英文关键词: Epidermal cyst Pathological conditions,signs and symptoms Skin neoplasms Missed diagnosis Fund programs:National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding |
| 基金项目:中央高水平医院临床科研业务费专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析表皮囊肿的临床与病理特征。方法 采取单中心回顾性研究。收集2019—2025年北京医院皮肤科收治且经病理学证实的1 001例表皮囊肿患者临床资料,分析患者的性别、年龄、部位、误诊情况和组织病理学特征。结果 1 001例经组织病理确诊的表皮囊肿患者中,男408例(40.8%),女593例(59.2%)；年龄(50.8±15.5)岁；最常见的发病部位为背部(215例,占21.5%),其次为面部(174例,17.4%)；破裂188例(18.8%)；临床误诊率为9.5%。表皮囊肿除了可伴发其他良性肿瘤,还可继发恶性肿瘤。28例表皮囊肿囊壁出现了扁平苔藓样病理学改变,表现为囊壁外侧炎症细胞呈苔藓样浸润、基底细胞液化变性、噬色素细胞出现。结论 表皮囊肿患者以女性略多见,好发于背部及面部,部分病例可发生破裂,存在一定临床误诊率；对于因影响患者生活质量或外观需手术切除的表皮囊肿,应强调对切除标本常规行组织病理学检查,避免罕见的继发恶性肿瘤漏诊。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of epidermal cysts.Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted.Clinical data of 1 001 patients with epidermal cysts admitted to the Department of Dermatology,Beijing Hospital from 2019 to 2025 and confirmed by pathology were collected.The patients′ gender,age,location,misdiagnosis,and histopathological data were analyzed.Results Among the 1 001 patients with histopathologically confirmed epidermal cysts,408 cases (40.8%) were male and 593 cases (59.2%) were female;the average age was (50.8±15.5) years;the most common site of occurrence was the back (215 cases,21.5%),followed by the face (174 cases,17.4%);188 cases (18.8%) were ruptured;the clinical misdiagnosis rate was 9.5%.In addition to being associated with other benign tumors,epidermal cysts can also develop into malignant tumors.In 28 cases,the cyst wall of epidermal cysts exhibited lichenoid pathological changes,manifested as lichenoid infiltration of inflammatory cells on the outer side of the cyst wall,basal cell degeneration,and the presence of pigmentophage.Conclusions The incidence rate epidermal cysts in females is slightly outnumbered males,the cysts are commonly found on the back and face,and some cases may rupture,leading to a certain rate of clinical misdiagnosis.For epidermal cysts that require surgical removal due to affecting patients′ quality of life or appearance,it is important to emphasize routine histopathological examination of the resected specimens to avoid missed diagnosis of rare secondary malignancies. |
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