| 陈丽霞,李文晓,朱瑞雪,等.体检人群超重/肥胖的筛查评估与健康管理研究进展[J].中国临床保健杂志,2026,29(4):491-496. |
| 体检人群超重/肥胖的筛查评估与健康管理研究进展 |
| Research progress on screening,evaluation,and health management of overweight and obesity in physical examination population |
| 投稿时间：2026-07-02 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2026.04.011 |
| 中文关键词: 超重 肥胖症 体格检查 普查 健康促进 健康影响评估 |
| 英文关键词: Overweight Obesity Physical examination Mass Screening Health promotion Health impact assessment 〖FL |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 118 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 超重/肥胖是由遗传易感、能量稳态失衡、脂肪组织功能异常、环境暴露以及行为因素共同驱动的慢性、复发性、进展性疾病状态。体检人群大多处于疾病早期或亚临床阶段,是开展超重与肥胖早期筛查、风险分层评估及全周期健康干预管理的重要载体。近年来,超重与肥胖带来的公共卫生负担持续加剧。相较于欧美人群,我国居民在较低体重指数(BMI)水平即可发生腹型肥胖、胰岛素抵抗,心血管代谢疾病风险随之显著升高。传统以BMI为核心的筛查评估方法具有便捷性和可推广性,但难以充分反映脂肪分布、体成分、器官受累和功能损害。近年来提出的肥胖诊断、分期以及“临床肥胖”与“临床前肥胖”的新理念,推动肥胖评价从“体重数值导向”转向“健康风险与器官功能导向”。本文从健康管理角度,对超重/肥胖的发病机制与诊断分期、危险因素、临床危害、综合评估和健康管理模式进行综述,提出体检机构应建立“筛查评估－分层干预－监测随访－再评估”的闭环管理路径,以BMI、腰围、体成分、代谢指标、并发症和功能状态综合评估为基础,多学科协作,提升体重管理的精准度、连续性,优化长期健康结局改善效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Overweight and obesity are increasingly recognized as chronic,relapsing and progressive disease states driven by genetic susceptibility,energy homeostasis disruption,adipose tissue dysfunction,environmental exposure and behavioral factors.Physical examination population represent a key entry point for early screening,risk assessment and health management.The rising burden in the Chinese population is characterized by abdominal obesity,insulin resistance,and increased cardiometabolic risk,even at low BMI levels.Although BMI remains a convenient screening tool,it can not fully reflect fat distribution,body composition,organ dysfunction and functional impairment.Novel concepts concerning obesity diagnosis,staging,as well as "clinical obesity" and "preclinical obesity" proposed in recent years have shifted the paradigm of obesity evaluation from a body weight value-oriented model to one focused on health risks and organ function.From the perspective of health management,this article reviews the pathogenesis,diagnostic staging,risk factors,clinical hazards,comprehensive assessment and health management models of overweight and obesity.It proposes that physical examination institutions should establish a closed-loop management pathway of "screening and assessment-tratified intervention-monitoring and follow-up-reassessment",Based on comprehensive evaluations incorporating body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body composition,metabolic indicators,complications and functional status,multidisciplinary collaboration should be adopted to improve the accuracy and continuity of weight management as well as the capacity for long-term outcome improvement. |
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