| 杨洁,侯晓燕.气象因素与空气污染物对鼻出血的影响[J].中国临床保健杂志,2026,29(4):526-530. |
| 气象因素与空气污染物对鼻出血的影响 |
| The impact of meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants on nasal hemorrhage |
| 投稿时间：2026-07-25 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.issn.1672-6790.2026.04.017 |
| 中文关键词: 鼻出血 气象因素 空气污染物 危险因素 |
| 英文关键词: Epistaxis Meteorological factors Air pollutants Risk factors Fund program:National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探讨气象因素和空气污染物与鼻出血急诊之间的关联,为鼻出血的预防和干预提供循证参考。方法 本研究为前瞻性观察性研究,连续纳入了2022年1月1日至2024年12月31日在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)鼻出血急诊患者相关资料,获取同期气象资料及空气污染物监测数据。采用分布滞后非线性模型分析不同环境暴露与鼻出血急诊之间的暴露-反应关系和滞后-反应关系。结果 本研究共纳入鼻出血急诊患者5 641例,其中男3 452例,女2 189例；儿童2 752例,成人2 889例。鼻出血急诊量呈明显季节性波动,五月、六月和九月为高峰期。低相对湿度和高蒸发量与鼻出血就诊风险增加相关,低地面气压具有一定保护作用,高臭氧主要表现为短期即时风险增高,高二氧化硫则表现为延迟性累积风险升高。相较于成年人,儿童鼻出血对气象因素及空气污染物更加敏感。结论 鼻出血急诊与多种气象条件及空气污染物水平有关,其中低湿度、高蒸发量、高臭氧及高二氧化硫水平会增加鼻出血发生,低地面气压具有一定保护作用；在极端天气或空气污染水平升高时,儿童应特别加强防护。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the associations of meteorological factors and air pollutants with emergency visits for epistaxis and to provide evidence-based evidence for the prevention and intervention of epistaxis.Methods Our study prospectively included relevant information of emergency patients with nosebleeds who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,to obtain meteorological data and air pollutant monitoring data for the same period.Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to examine the exposure-response and lag-response associations between environmental exposures and emergency visits for epistaxis.Results A total of 5 641 patients with emergency visits for epistaxis were included,comprising 3 452 males and 2 189 females;2 752 were children and 2 889 were adults.Emergency visits for epistaxis showed marked seasonal variation,with peaks in May,June,and September.Among meteorological factors,low relative humidity and high evaporation were associated with an increased risk of epistaxis visits,whereas low surface atmospheric pressure showed a potential protective association.Among air pollutants,high ozone levels were mainly associated with an immediate short-term increase in risk,while high sulfur dioxide levels showed a delayed cumulative risk effect.Compared with adults,children appeared to be more sensitive to meteorological factors and air pollutants.Conclusions Emergency visits for epistaxis are associated with multiple meteorological conditions and air pollutant levels.Low humidity,high evaporation,high ozone,and high sulfur dioxide levels may increase the occurrence of epistaxis,whereas low surface atmospheric pressure may have a protective effect.Enhanced protective measures should be considered for children during periods of extreme weather or elevated air pollution. |
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